English

Teacher : Nevy Forika
Name     : Erica Yoshi Fikrianti
NPM       : 12216350
Class       : 1 EA 11
Gunadarma University 

Hi everybody. Today I want to tell you about Present Perfect, Simple Past and Present Perfect Continous. Check this out.

Present perfect
Definition
In English grammar, the present perfect is an aspect of the verb expressing an action that began in the past and that has recently been completed or continues into the present. Also known as the present perfective.
The present perfect is formed by combining has or have with a past participle (usually a verb ending in -d, -ed, or -n).

(+)
S + aux. verb(have/has) + V-3/past participle
I have read the book
He has left
negatif
(-)
S + aux. verb(have/has) + not + V-3/past participle
I have not read the book
He hasn’t left
interogatif
(?)
aux. verb(have/has) + S + V-3/past participle
Have I read the book
Has he left


Examples:

I have seen that movie twenty times.
I think I have met him once before.
There have been many earthquakes in California.
People have traveled to the Moon.
People have not traveled to Mars.
Have you read the book yet?
Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.

Time Expressions with Present Perfect

When we use the Present Perfect it means that something has happened at some point in our lives before now. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not important.
Examples:
Have you been to Mexico in the last year?
I have seen that movie six times in the last month.
They have had three tests in the last week.
She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three different companies so far.
My car has broken down three times this week.


Present Perfect Continuous
Now, I want to tell you about Present Perfect Continuous.
We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous.
Duration from the Past Until Now

(+)
S + have/has + been + V1-ing/present participle
She has been driving
The toddlers have been sleeping
negatif
(-)
S + have/has + not + been + V1-ing/present participle
She has not been driving
The toddlers haven’t been sleeping
interogatif
(?)
have/has + S + been + V1-ing/present participle
Has she been driving
Have the toddlers been sleeping
Examples:
They have been talking for the last hour.
She has been working at that company for three years.
What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?
James has been teaching at the university since June.
We have been waiting here for over two hours!

Recently, Lately

Examples:
Recently, I have been feeling really tired.
She has been watching too much television lately.
Have you been exercising lately?
Mary has been feeling a little depressed.
Lisa has not been practicing her English.
What have you been doing?


DEFINITION OF THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

The simple past tense, sometimes called the preterite, is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now. The simple past is the basic form of past tense in English. The time of the action can be in the recent past or the distant past and action duration is not important.

positif (+)
S + Verb-2 (past tense)
S + be(was/were)
The teacher came
I was a stamp collector
negatif (-)
S + did + not + bare infinitive
S + be(was/were) + not
The teacher didn’t come
I wasn’t a stamp collector
interogatif (?)
Did + S + bare infinitive
be(was/were) + S
Did the teacher come
Was I a stamp collector

EXAMPLES

§ John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
§ My father died last year.
§ He lived in Fiji in 1976.

§ We crossed the Channel yesterday.